求解带时间窗车辆路径问题的改进型烟花算法

针对带时间窗车辆路径问题,为寻求组合优化问题最优解,构建总运输成本最小数学模型。由于烟花算法搜索半径不能自适应调整,算法后期易陷入局部最优,故对爆炸算子进行改进,使最优烟花搜索半径自适应调整,增强后期局部搜索能力;同时利用分布式信息共享机制避免算法早熟并引入变异火花增强种群多样性。利用标准测试集进行验证后,结果表明该算法在求解带时间窗车辆路径问题时不仅具有可行性和有效性,并且收敛速度快、搜索质量高。     

Plasmonic Oxygen-Deficient TiO2-x Nanocrystals for Dual-Band Electrochromic Smart Windows with Efficient Energy Recycling

Dual-band electrochromic smart windows capable of the spectrally selective modulation of visible (VIS) light and near-infrared (NIR) can regulate solar light and solar heat transmittance to reduce the building energy consumption. The development of these windows is however limited by the number of available dual-band electrochromic materials. Here, plasmonic oxygen-deficient TiO_2-x nanocrystals (NCs) are discovered to be an effective single-component dual-band electrochromic material, and that oxygen-vacancy creation is more effective than aliovalent substitutional doping to introduce dual-band properties to TiO₂ NCs. Oxygen vacancies not only confer good near-infrared (NIR)-selective modulation, but also improve the Li⁺ diffusion in the TiO_2-x host, circumventing the disadvantage of aliovalent substitutional doping with ion diffusion. Consequently optimized TiO_2-x NC films are able to modulate the NIR and visible light transmittance independently and effectively in three distinct modes with high optical modulation (95.5% at 633 nm and 90.5% at 1200 nm), fast switching speed, high bistability, and long cycle life. An impressive dual-band electrochromic performance is also demonstrated in prototype devices. The use of TiO_2-x NCs enables the assembled windows to recycle a large fraction of energy consumed in the coloration process (“energy recycling”) to reduce the energy consumption in a round-trip electrochromic operation.     

Solving fuzzy capacitated location routing problem using hybrid variable neighborhood search and evolutionary local search

A fuzzy capacitated location routing problem (FCLRP) is solved by using a heuristic method that combines variable neighborhood search (VNS) and evolutionary local search (ELS). Demands of the customer and travel times between customers and depots are considered as fuzzy and deterministic variables, respectively in FCLRP. Heterogeneous and homogeneous fleet sizes are performed together to reach the least multi-objective cost in a case study. The multi-objective cost consists of transportation cost, additional cost, vehicle waiting cost and delay cost. A fuzzy chance constrained programming model is added by using credibility theory. The proposed method reaches the solution by performing four stages. In the first stage, initial solutions are obtained by using a greedy heuristic method, and then VNS heuristic, which consists of seven different neighborhood structures, is performed to improve the solution quality in the second stage. In the third stage, a perturbation procedure is applied to the improved solution using ELS algorithm, and then VNS heuristic is applied again in the last stage. The combination of VNS and ELS is called VNSxELS algorithm and applied to a case study, which has fifty-seven customers and five distributing points, effectively in a reasonable time.     

功能与符号——《全唐诗》北窗析

利用网上可检索数据库，可以方便地调阅《全唐诗》中所有涉及“窗的朝向”的诗句．并从对诗作的集中分析中推知唐代住宅及日常起居行为的信息。以此为研究范围，该文重点探讨“北窗”在唐人笔下和生活中受推崇的缘由，并就北窗的实用功能与符号意义两方面进行辨析。     

铝合金窗和塑料窗节能性能的比较及设计选用的基本原则

概述了铝合金窗、塑料窗的特点及节能性能，根据国家居住建筑节能设计标准对建筑外窗提出的技术要求，阐述了建筑外窗设计选用的原则，分析了铝合金窗、塑料窗的使用范围。随着我国建筑节能工作的深入开展和行业的技术水平的进一步提高，铝合金窗、塑料窗行业仍将继续向前发展。     

浅谈加套解决建筑门窗的更换问题

阐述了门窗在建筑功能和艺术上的重要性，针对现阶段门窗的安装与更换方式和再装修周期的不协调性，提出了解决门窗更换标准化的总体思路以及门窗套安装时应注意的事项。     

建筑节能材料简述

主要介绍了当前主流使用的、具有广阔发展前景的建筑节能主墙体材料、外墙保温材料及门窗材料,并且较为系统地总结了各自的性能及特点,这将对建筑节能材料的选取提供技术性能上的参考,并促进建筑节能材料的研究和应用.     

浅谈业主方的门窗幕墙工程管理

从业主的角度出发,分析了门窗幕墙工程的特点,提出了门窗幕墙施工准备,针对质量与进度管理、造价管理与合同管理、安全管理与成本保护等门窗幕墙分项工程管理的全过程进行了探讨,对提升建设水平有重要意义。     

浅谈建筑物的门窗节能

文章就建筑物节能中关键的部分门窗节能。提出科学的阐述。